When a loved one passes away within the Greek Orthodox faith, a series of profound and sacred rituals accompany their journey. Understanding Greek Orthodox burial customs is crucial for family members, friends, and funeral professionals to ensure that the departed is honored according to centuries-old traditions. These customs reflect a deep theological understanding of life, death, and resurrection, providing solace and structure during a time of grief.
The Spiritual Foundation of Greek Orthodox Burial Customs
The core of Greek Orthodox burial customs is built upon fundamental Christian beliefs regarding the soul, the body, and eternal life. These traditions are not merely formalities but expressions of faith and hope in the resurrection.
Beliefs Guiding the Rites
Greek Orthodox theology views death as a temporary separation of the soul from the body, not an end. The body is considered a temple of the Holy Spirit, deserving of respect even in death. This reverence influences every aspect of Greek Orthodox burial customs.
Resurrection: A strong belief in the bodily resurrection at the Second Coming of Christ.
Prayer for the Departed: Continuous prayers are offered for the repose of the soul, seeking God’s mercy.
Community Support: The community plays a vital role in supporting the grieving family through shared rituals and remembrance.
The Soul’s Journey
According to Greek Orthodox belief, the soul’s journey after death is a significant period. Specific prayers and memorial services within Greek Orthodox burial customs are designed to assist the soul as it transitions and awaits the final judgment.
Key Stages of Greek Orthodox Burial Customs
The process of Greek Orthodox burial customs unfolds in several distinct stages, each with its own spiritual significance and prescribed rituals.
Preparation of the Deceased
Immediately following death, the body is treated with utmost reverence. Traditionally, family members or close friends may participate in washing and dressing the deceased. Embalming is generally permitted and often necessary for viewings, though it is not a religious requirement.
The deceased is typically dressed in their finest clothes, often new garments.
A small icon of Christ or a patron saint is placed in the hands.
A cross may be placed on the chest.
The body is laid in a casket, which is usually open for viewing during the wake and funeral service.
The Wake and Viewing (Parastas)
A wake, often referred to as a Parastas, typically occurs the evening before the funeral service. This provides an opportunity for family and friends to pay their respects, offer condolences, and participate in prayers. The casket remains open, allowing for a final viewing of the deceased.
During the wake, clergy lead a brief prayer service, and psalms are often read. This period is an important part of Greek Orthodox burial customs, fostering community support and shared grief.
The Funeral Service (Nekrosimos Akolouthia)
The main funeral service, known as the Nekrosimos Akolouthia, is conducted in a Greek Orthodox church. It is a deeply spiritual and solemn liturgy that typically lasts about an hour. Flowers are generally permitted and encouraged as a sign of respect.
The Trisagion Service
The funeral service begins with the chanting of the Trisagion (Thrice-Holy) prayer, a recurring theme in Greek Orthodox burial customs. This prayer is repeated multiple times throughout the service, invoking God’s mercy for the departed.
The Eulogy and Scripture Readings
A eulogy may be delivered, focusing on the deceased’s life and virtues. Scripture readings and hymns are central to the service, emphasizing themes of resurrection, eternal life, and God’s compassion. The priest also delivers a sermon, offering comfort and theological reflection on death.
The Kiss of Peace
Towards the end of the service, mourners are invited to approach the open casket to offer a final farewell, often by kissing an icon placed on the deceased’s chest or the casket itself. This is known as the ‘Kiss of Peace’ and is a poignant moment within Greek Orthodox burial customs.
The Committal
Following the church service, the procession moves to the cemetery for the committal service. The priest performs a final Trisagion prayer at the graveside. Earth is typically sprinkled on the casket in the shape of a cross, symbolizing the return to dust and the hope of resurrection. Burial is the preferred method within Greek Orthodox burial customs; cremation is generally discouraged, as it is seen as disrespecting the body which awaits resurrection.
Post-Funeral Greek Orthodox Burial Customs
The care for the departed and their family extends well beyond the burial, encompassing a series of memorial services and traditions.
The Makaria (Meal of Consolation)
After the burial, a meal of consolation, known as the Makaria, is typically held. This gathering allows family and friends to share memories, offer support, and partake in a simple meal, often consisting of fish, bread, and wine. It is a time for fellowship and comfort, an integral part of Greek Orthodox burial customs.
Memorial Services (Mnimosyna)
Memorial services, or Mnimosyna, are a cornerstone of Greek Orthodox burial customs. These services are held at specific intervals after death to pray for the repose of the soul of the departed.
Third Day: Commemorates Christ’s resurrection on the third day.
Ninth Day: Reflects the nine choirs of angels and the nine months of gestation.
Forty Days: Considered a critical period for the soul’s journey to judgment, mirroring Christ’s ascension.
Three Months, Six Months, One Year: Regular intervals for continued prayer and remembrance.
Three Years: A significant memorial, often marking a more complete cycle of grief and acceptance.
Koliva (Boiled Wheat)
During memorial services, Koliva, a dish made of boiled wheat, nuts, and dried fruit, is prepared and blessed. Each ingredient symbolizes aspects of life and death within Greek Orthodox burial customs: the wheat represents resurrection, and the sweetness signifies the sweetness of heaven.
Important Considerations in Greek Orthodox Burial Customs
While traditions are strong, there are specific aspects that families often inquire about when arranging Greek Orthodox burial customs.
Cremation
As mentioned, cremation is generally not permitted in Greek Orthodox burial customs. The Church emphasizes the integrity of the body as a temple of the Holy Spirit and its future resurrection. Families should discuss alternatives with their priest if cremation is a consideration, as it is a significant departure from tradition.
Embalming
Embalming is typically allowed and often necessary, especially if there is a viewing or if the body needs to be transported. It does not conflict with the spiritual tenets of Greek Orthodox burial customs.
Dress Code
For those attending a Greek Orthodox funeral, modest and conservative attire is appropriate. Dark colors are traditionally worn as a sign of respect and mourning.
Conclusion
Greek Orthodox burial customs are rich with spiritual meaning, offering a structured and comforting framework for grieving families. These ancient traditions provide solace, reinforce faith, and ensure that the departed are honored with dignity and love. By understanding these customs, individuals can navigate a difficult time with grace and respect for the profound beliefs that guide this sacred process. For further guidance, consulting with a Greek Orthodox priest is always recommended to ensure all aspects of the burial customs are observed appropriately.