Structure relocation is the process of moving an entire building from one location to another. While it may seem like a monumental task, it is a common practice used to preserve historic landmarks, protect homes from environmental hazards, or clear land for new development. Whether you are looking to move a small shed or a multi-story house, understanding the logistics is the first step toward a successful project.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of how structure relocation works. You will learn about the different methods used by professionals, the factors that influence the total cost, and the steps you need to take to prepare your property for a move.
What Is Structure Relocation?
Structure relocation, also known as house moving or building migration, involves lifting a structure off its foundation and transporting it to a new site. This process requires specialized engineering and heavy equipment to ensure the building remains intact during the transition.
Most structures can be moved, including wood-frame houses, brick buildings, and even heavy stone structures. The feasibility of the move depends on the building’s structural integrity and the route available to the new destination.
Common Reasons to Move a Building
There are several practical reasons why a property owner might choose relocation over demolition. Understanding these motivations can help you decide if moving a structure is the right choice for your situation.
- Historic Preservation: Many older buildings have architectural or cultural value that makes them worth saving. Relocating them allows for land development while keeping history intact.
- Flood Zone Mitigation: If a home is located in an area prone to frequent flooding, moving it to higher ground can prevent future damage and lower insurance premiums.
- Property Subdivisions: Owners may move a house to a different part of a large lot to make room for additional construction or to sell a portion of the land.
- Avoiding Demolition: Sometimes, a perfectly good building is located on land slated for a new purpose. Moving the building to a new site is often more sustainable than tearing it down.
The Structure Relocation Process
Moving a building is a multi-step process that involves careful coordination between owners, engineers, and moving contractors. Here is a breakdown of the typical stages involved in a successful relocation.
1. Initial Assessment and Planning
The first step is a thorough inspection of the building to ensure it is strong enough to survive the move. Engineers will examine the foundation, the framing, and the overall weight of the structure.
During this phase, you must also identify the new location and plan the transport route. This includes checking for low-hanging power lines, narrow bridges, and local zoning laws that might affect the move.
2. Preparation of the Site and Structure
Before the move begins, the building must be disconnected from all utilities, including water, gas, electricity, and sewage. Any additions, such as porches or garages, may need to be braced or removed and moved separately.
At the same time, the new site must be prepared. This usually involves excavating the area and pouring a new foundation that matches the dimensions of the building being moved.
3. Lifting the Building
To lift the structure, movers insert heavy steel I-beams through the foundation or under the floor joists. These beams form a temporary frame that supports the building’s weight.
A unified jacking system is then used to lift the building slowly and evenly. This system ensures that all parts of the building rise at the same rate, preventing cracks in the walls or structural shifts.
4. Loading and Transport
Once the building is high enough, specialized dollies with many wheels are placed under the steel beams. These dollies are often controlled by a single operator to ensure precise movement.
The building is then towed slowly to its new location. Depending on the distance and the size of the structure, this part of the process can take anywhere from a few hours to several days.
5. Setting the Structure
After arriving at the new site, the building is positioned over the new foundation. It is slowly lowered onto the foundation walls and secured in place.
Once the building is stable, the steel beams are removed, and the utilities are reconnected. Final inspections are conducted to ensure the home is safe for occupancy.
Factors That Influence Relocation Costs
The cost of moving a structure can vary significantly based on several factors. It is important to get a detailed estimate from a professional mover before committing to the project.
- Size and Weight: Larger, heavier buildings require more equipment and labor to move, which increases the price.
- Distance: Longer moves involve more fuel, more time on the road, and more potential obstacles to navigate.
- Route Obstacles: If utility companies need to temporarily move power lines or if trees need to be trimmed along the route, these costs are usually passed on to the owner.
- Foundation Type: Moving a house with a crawl space is generally easier and less expensive than moving a house with a slab-on-grade foundation.
Choosing a Professional Structural Mover
Structure relocation is not a DIY project. It requires a highly specialized contractor with the right equipment and insurance. When searching for a mover, look for companies that belong to professional organizations like the International Association of Structural Movers (IASM).
Always ask for references and proof of insurance. A reputable mover will be happy to show you examples of previous successful moves and provide a clear contract outlining the scope of work.
Permits and Legal Requirements
Moving a building involves significant paperwork. You will likely need permits from both the original municipality and the destination town. These permits ensure the move complies with local safety regulations and building codes.
Additionally, you may need special permits for oversized loads if the building will be traveling on public roads. Your moving contractor will often help navigate these legal requirements, but the ultimate responsibility usually lies with the property owner.
Conclusion
Structure relocation is a complex but rewarding way to save a building and make the most of your property. By understanding the lifting process, the importance of route planning, and the costs involved, you can approach your project with confidence and clarity.
If you are planning a home improvement project or looking for more ways to manage your property, explore our other articles on home maintenance and construction basics for more helpful tips and guidance.