Enclosed cargo trailers are versatile tools designed to transport goods, equipment, or personal belongings securely. Unlike open utility trailers, enclosed models provide a roof and four walls that protect your cargo from harsh weather and potential theft. They are commonly used by contractors, motorsports enthusiasts, and individuals moving household items across long distances.
Choosing the right trailer requires an understanding of your towing vehicle’s capacity and the specific requirements of the items you plan to haul. This article provides a straightforward overview of how to select, use, and maintain an enclosed cargo trailer to ensure safety and longevity. By following these practical steps, you can make an informed investment that serves your needs for years to come.
Benefits of Using an Enclosed Cargo Trailer
The primary advantage of an enclosed trailer is the high level of security it offers. Because the contents are hidden from view and stored behind locked doors, they are less likely to be targeted by opportunistic thieves. This makes them ideal for storing expensive tools or equipment at a job site or overnight during a move.
Weather protection is another significant benefit for many users. Rain, snow, and road debris can damage furniture, electronics, or machinery carried on an open trailer. An enclosed structure keeps your items dry and clean, regardless of the conditions on the road. Additionally, the interior walls provide extra surface area for mounting shelves, racks, and organization systems.
Choosing the Right Size and Shape
Selecting the correct dimensions is the first step in the buying process. Common widths include 5-foot, 6-foot, 7-foot, and 8.5-foot options. Smaller trailers are easier to maneuver and tow, while wider trailers are necessary for hauling vehicles or large equipment.
- 5×8 and 5×10: These are compact and perfect for small household tasks or light landscaping equipment.
- 6×12: This is a standard size for many DIYers and small business owners, offering a balance of space and ease of towing.
- 7×14 and 7×16: These larger trailers often feature tandem axles and are suitable for heavy construction tools or multiple motorcycles.
- 8.5×20+: These are typically used as car haulers or mobile workshops due to their significant interior volume.
You must also consider the shape of the trailer’s front end, known as the nose. A V-nose design is more aerodynamic, which can slightly improve fuel economy and provide a bit of extra interior space at the point. A flat-nose design is traditional and may offer more predictable interior dimensions for square shelving units.
Understanding Weight Capacity and Axles
Weight capacity is a critical safety factor that determines how much you can legally and safely haul. You will often see the term GVWR, which stands for Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. This is the maximum weight of the trailer plus everything loaded inside it.
To calculate your payload capacity, subtract the weight of the empty trailer from the GVWR. For example, if a trailer has a GVWR of 3,500 pounds and weighs 1,200 pounds empty, you can carry up to 2,300 pounds of cargo. Exceeding this limit can lead to tire failure, broken axles, or loss of vehicle control.
Single vs. Tandem Axles
Trailers generally come with either one or two axles. A single-axle trailer is lighter, more affordable, and easier to move by hand when unhooked. However, it has a lower weight capacity and can be more difficult to control if a tire blows out at high speeds.
A tandem-axle trailer features two sets of wheels, providing better stability and a higher weight rating. These trailers track straighter on the highway and offer a smoother ride for sensitive cargo. They also include braking systems on at least one axle, which is essential for heavy loads.
Construction Materials and Features
The materials used in construction affect the trailer’s weight, durability, and price. Most trailers feature a steel or aluminum frame. Steel is strong and generally less expensive, but it is heavier and prone to rust if not properly maintained. Aluminum frames are lightweight and resistant to corrosion, though they usually come with a higher price tag.
The exterior “skin” of the trailer is typically made of aluminum sheets. Thicker skin (measured in decimals like .030 or .040) is more resistant to warping and denting over time. You should also look for screwless exteriors, which use high-strength adhesive rather than screws, providing a cleaner look and fewer points for moisture to enter.
Door Types: Ramp vs. Barn Doors
The type of rear door you choose depends on what you are loading. A ramp door acts as a bridge, making it easy to roll wheeled equipment like lawnmowers, ATVs, or dollies into the trailer. It requires significant clearance space behind the trailer to lower fully.
Barn doors (double doors) swing open to the sides. These are better for tight parking spaces or when you need to load items using a forklift. They also allow you to get closer to the back of the trailer without having to step over a ramp.
Towing Safety Requirements
Before hitting the road, ensure your tow vehicle is rated for the total weight of the loaded trailer. Check your vehicle’s owner’s manual for the maximum towing capacity. You will also need the correct hitch size, typically a 2-inch or 2-5/16-inch ball, depending on the trailer’s size.
Safety chains are mandatory and must be crossed under the trailer tongue to create a cradle in case the hitch fails. Ensure all lights—including blinkers, brake lights, and running lights—are functioning correctly before every trip. If your trailer has electric brakes, you will need a brake controller installed in your vehicle to manage the stopping power.
Essential Maintenance Tips
Regular maintenance is the key to keeping your enclosed trailer safe and functional for many years. Because trailers often sit for long periods, components can degrade even when not in use. Follow these steps to maintain your investment:
- Check Tire Pressure: Trailer tires should always be inflated to the maximum PSI listed on the sidewall to prevent overheating and blowouts.
- Grease Wheel Bearings: Bearings should be repacked with grease every 12 months or 12,000 miles to prevent axle damage.
- Inspect the Roof: Check the roof seals and seams annually for cracks. Use a specialized RV or trailer sealant to prevent leaks that can rot the interior floor.
- Test the Lights: Clean the electrical plug connectors with a wire brush or contact cleaner to ensure a solid connection with the tow vehicle.
- Lubricate Hinges: Apply a spray lubricant to door hinges and lock mechanisms to prevent them from seizing due to rust or road salt.
Summary and Next Steps
An enclosed cargo trailer is a significant but valuable investment for anyone needing secure, weather-protected transport. By choosing the right size, understanding weight limits, and performing regular maintenance, you ensure that your gear stays safe and your travels remain trouble-free. Always prioritize safety by checking your hitch and tires before every departure.
If you are looking for more ways to improve your hauling experience, consider exploring our articles on vehicle maintenance and DIY organization. Proper preparation and the right equipment make every task easier and more efficient.